Apa itu tenses? Tenses merupakan jenis dari bentuk kalimat bahasa inggris yang terdiri dari 16 tenses dalam bahasa inggris berbasis pada perubahan bentuk verb yang menunjukkan waktu atau keadaan dari suatu tindakan yang dilakukan. Hal ini karena pada dasarnya kata kerja sendiri memiliki bentuknya sendiri bergantung dari perbedaan waktunya.
Kami yakin bahwa tenses bukanlah materi bahasa grammar yang asing dan baru untuk dipelajari, karena sejatinya tenses akan sudah dibahas pada pelajaran sekolah.
Kalau dilihat dari penggunaan kata kerja yang memiliki bentuk yang berbeda berdasarkan dari perbedaan waktunya, maka saat verb tersebut dalam sebuah kalimat juga akan mempengaruhi bentuk kalimat itu sendiri, seperti adanya kata tambahan berbentuk to be dll. Karena sejatinya kata kerja memiliki bentuknya sendiri berdasarkan waktu dan keadaan konteks kalimat yang ditulis atau diucapkan.
Hal tersebut juga yang membuat tense dalam bentuk berdasarkan kondisi waktunya. Macam-macam tenses lebih beragam karena tenses merupakan perubahan bentuk kata kerja dalam sebuah kalimat yang kompleks.
Macam macam Tenses
Jika Anda melihat jenis materi tenses yang 16 itu terlalu banyak, maka Anda bisa membagi menjadi 4 kategori berdasarkan waktu kejadiannya waktunya. Basic tenses ini akan menjadikannya lebih simple dimana pembagian perkategorinya terdapat 4 tenses dimasing – masing kategorinya.
12 tenses merupakan tenses yang sering digunakan baik dalam percakapakan ataupun tulisan sedangkan 4 sisanya merupakan tenses yang jarang di aplikasikan pada saat komunikasi.
Untuk lebih jelasnya anda dapat melihat penjelasan macam macam tenses dibawah berdasarkan kategori tenses dibawah ini:
Present
Tenses untuk waktu kejadian present untuk anggota tenses dibawah ini:
- Simple Present
- Present Continuous
- Present Perfect
- Present Perfect Continuous
Semua bagian tenses diatas merupakan bagian tenses yang memiliki waktu kejadian yang sama yaitu yang terjadi pada waktu present.
Past
Tenses dari waktu kejadian masa lampau / past untuk anggota tenses dibawah ini:
- Simple Past
- Past Continuous
- Past Perfect
- Past Perfect Continuous
Future
Tenses untuk waktu kejadian yang terjadi pada masa depan / future untuk anggota tenses yang ada dibawah ini:
- Simple Future
- Future Continuous
- Future Perfect
- Future Perfect Continuous
Past Future
Tenses untuk waktu kejadian masa depan yang dilihat dari perfektif masa lalu / past future untuk tenses berikut ini:
- Past Future
- Past Future Continuous
- Past Future Perfect
- Past Future Perfect Continuous
Keempat kategori yang dibagi berdasarkan waktu kejadian diatas akan memudahkan proses pemahaman tenses dengan lebih cepat. Untuk memahami lebih detail dari ke 16 tenses diatas silahkan untuk baca penjelasan dibawah ini :
Simple present
Simple present Adalah bentuk tenses yang menjelaskan general truth (kebenaran umum), habitual action (kebiasaan yang dilakukan berulang-ulang), fact (fakta).
Bentuk kata kerja dari tenses ini adalah menggunakan kata kerja bentuk pertama (V1).
Pola : S + V1 + O + Adverb
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I smile | I don’t smile | Do I smile? | Don’t I smile? | Yes, I do | No, I don’t |
| You smile | You don’t smile | Do you smile? | Don’t you smile? | Yes, you do | No, you don’t |
| We smile | We don’t smile | Do we smile? | Don’t we smile? | Yes, we do | No, we don’t |
| They smile | They don’t smile | Do they smile? | Don’t they smile? | Yes, they do | No, they don’t |
| She smiles | She doesn’t smile | Does she smile? | Doesn’t she smile? | Yes, she does | No, she doesn’t |
| He smiles | He doesn’t smile | Does he smile? | Doesn’t he smile? | Yes, he does | No, he doesn’t |
| It smiles | It doesn’t smile | Does it smile? | Doesn’t it smile? | Yes, it does | No, it doesn’t |
e.g.
Jenny goes to school every morning
(Jenny pergi kesekolah setiap pagi)
Merupakan time signal dari simple present yang menyatakan keseringan raka dalam melakukan aktifitas tersebut.
Time signal tidak wajib untuk di ikut sertakan dalam sebuah kalimat, karena bukan dari syarat wajib kalimat.
e.g.
Lion eats meat
(Singa memakan daging)
Merupakan fakta umum bagi semua singa suka memakan daging, karena merupakan hewan karnivora.
e.g.
The farewell party starts at 08.00 AM
(Pesta perpisahan dimulai pukul 08.00 WIB)
Kalimat diatas merupakan kalimat simple present yang berfungsi sebagai pernyataan sebuah tindakan/kejadian yang mendekati masa akan datang.
Kalimat diatas menyatakan bahwa pesta perpisahan akan dimulai jam 8 malam yang yang berarti pembicara mengucapkan kalimat tersebut pada beberapa waktu mendekati jam 8, yaitu jam 7.00 AM atau jam 07.30.
Present Continuous
Present Contiunous merupakan tenses dengan bentuk kata kerja yang menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung atau dilakukan di saat sekarang dan terkadang dipakai untuk perencanaan masa yang akan datang.
Pola : is/am/are + Ving
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I am smiling | I am not smiling | Am I smiling | Am not I smiling? Am I not smiling? | Yes, I am | No, I am not |
| You are smiling | You are not smiling | Are you smiling? | Are not you smiling? Are you not smiling? | Yes, you are | No, you are not |
| We are smiling | We are not smiling | Are we smiling? | Are not we smiling? Are you not smiling? | Yes, we are | No, we are not |
| They are smiling | They are not smiling. | Are they smiling | Are not they smiling? Are they not smiling? | Yes, they are | No, they are not |
| She is smiling | She is not smiling | Is she smiling? | Is not she smiling? Is she not smiling? | Yes, she is | No, she is not |
| He is smiling | He is not smiling | Is he smiling? | Is not he smiling? Is he not smiling? | Yes, he is | No, he is not |
| It is smiling | It is not smiling | Is it smiling? | Is not it smiling? Is it not smiling? | Yes, it is | No, it is not |
e.g.
I am playing football now
(Saya sedang bermain sepak bola sekarang)
Menyatakan bahwa saya sedang beemain bola saat ini
e.g.
Sorry, I am not sleeping
(Maaf, saya tidak tidur)
Menyatakan bahwa saya yang sedang mengucapkan kalimat ini dan saya sedang tidak tidur sekarang ini.
e.g.
John is focusing on his thesis
(John sedang fokus pada tesisnya)
Bisa digunakan saat berada dimana pun/kapan pun walaupun pada saat berada di jalanan dan tidak sedang mengerjakan tesis.
Raka sedang dalam masa penyelesaian tesis sebagai bentuk persyaratan kelulusan dari kampus, yang mana merupakan bentuk dari pekerjaan proses panjang yang raka tekuni saat ini.
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense seperti namanya perfect (kesempurnaan), tenses bentuk ini dipakai untuk menyatakan seatu kegiatan atau perbuatan yang telah selesai dikerjakan atau di tuntaskan.
Pola : S + have + V3
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I have smiled | I have not smiled | Have I smiled? | Have not I smiled? Have I not smiled? | Yes, I have | No, I have not |
| You have smiled | You have not smiled | Have you smiled? | Have not I smiled? Have I not smiled? | Yes, you have | No, you have not |
| We have smiled | We have not smiled | Have we smiled? | Have not we smiled? Have we not smiled? | Yes, we have | No, we have not |
| They have smiled | They have not smiled | Have they smiled? | Have not they smiled? Have they not smiled? | Yes, they have | No, they have not |
| She has smiled | She has not smiled | Has she smiled? | Has not she smiled? Has she not smiled? | Yes, she has | No, she has not |
| He has smiled | He has not smiled | Has he smiled? | Has not he smiled? Has he not smiled? | Yes, he has | No, he has not |
| It has smiled | It has not smiled | Has it smiled? | Has not it smiled? Has it not smiled? | Yes, it has | No, it has not |
e.g.
My friend has slept
(Teman saya sudah tidur)
e.g.
My friend has lived in this town since he was a kid
(Temanku sudah tinggal di kota ini sejak dia kecil)
e.g.
We have lived in this town for twenty years
(Kami telah tinggal di kota ini selama dua puluh tahun)
Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous merupakan tenses dengan bentuk kata kerja yang menjelaskan suatu pekerjaan yang telah dimulai di masa lampau namun masih berlanjut hingga saat ini.
Pola : S + have + Been + Ving
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I have been smiling | I have not been smiling | Have I been smiling? | Have not I been smiling? Have I not been smiling? | Yes, I have been | No, I have not been |
| You have been smiling | You have not been smiling | Have you been smiling? | Have not I been smiling? Have I not been smiling? | Yes, you have been | No, you have not been |
| We have been smiling | We have not been smiling | Have we been smiling? | Have not we been smiling? Have we not been smiling? | Yes, we have been | No, we have not been |
| They have been smiling | They have not been smiling | Have they been smiling? | Have not they been smiling? Have they not been smiling? | Yes, they have been | No, they have not been |
| She has been smiling | She has not been smiling | Has she been smiling? | Has not she been smiling? Has she not been smiling? | Yes, she has been | No, she has not been |
| He has been smiling | He has not been smiling | Has he been smiling? | Has not he been smiling? Has he not been smiling? | Yes, he has been | No, he has not been |
| It has been smiling | It has not been smiling | Has it been smiling? | Has not it been smiling? Has it not been smiling? | Yes, it has been | No, it has not been |
e.g.
I have been studying English for two month
(Saya telah belajar bahasa Inggris selama dua bulan)
e.g.
She has been registering herself for the speech competition
(Dia telah mendaftarkan dirinya untuk kompetisi pidato)
e.g.
We have been learning psychology for three semester
(Kami telah belajar psikologi selama tiga semester)
e.g.
My cousin in a teacher. He has stayed in jakarta for two years. But he hasn’t got married yet. Yesterday, he came. My parent were very happy. When he came, my brother has just finished his duty. Now, my brother is confused. His girl friend has just come and asked next week, they will have got married.
(Sepupuku adalah seorang guru. Dia sudah tinggal di Jakarta selama dua tahun. Tapi dia belum menikah. Kemarin dia datng. Orang tua ku sangat senang. Ketika dia datang, adikku baru saja menyelesaikan tugasnya . Sekarang dia bingung. Pacarnya baru saja datang dan memintanya minggu depan mereka sudah menikah.
Simple Past
Simple past merupakan tenses dengan bentuk kata kerja yang menyatakan kebiasaan yang yang telah selesai dimasa lampau. Dalam penggunaannya sering dengan memakai kata keterangan waktu.
Pola : S + V2
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I smiled | I did not smile | Did I smile? | Did not I smile? Did I not smile? | Yes, I did | No, I did not |
| You smiled | You did not smile | Did you smile? | Did not I smile? Did I not smile? | Yes, you did | No, you did not |
| We smiled | We did not smile | Did we smile? | Did not we smile? Did we not smile? | Yes, we did | No, we did not |
| They smiled | They did not smile | Did they smile? | Did not they smile? Did they not smile? | Yes, they did | No, they did not |
| She smiled | She did not smile | Did she smile? | Did not she smile? Did she not smile? | Yes, she did | No, she did not |
| He smiled | He did not smile | Did he smile? | Did not he smile? Did he not smile? | Yes, he did | No, he did not |
| It smiled | It did not smile | Did it smile? | Did not it smile? Did it not smile? | Yes, it did | No, it did not |
e.g.
I slept at 10 PM last month
(Saya tidur jam 10 malam bulan lalu)
I studied English last year
(Saya belajar bahasa Inggris tahun lalu)
When I was a child, I was always lazy to wake up in the morning
(Waktu kecil selalu malas bangun pagi)
Past Continuous
Past Continuous merupakan Kalimat tenses yang menyatakan perbuatan/ kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di masa lalu
Pola : S + was/were + Ving + O
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I was smiling | I was not smiling | Was I smiling | Was not I smiling? Was I not smiling? | Yes, I was | No, I was not |
| You were smiling | You were not smiling | Were you smiling | Were not I smiling? Were I not smiling? | Yes, you were | No, you were not |
| We were smiling | We were not smiling | Were we smiling | Were not we smiling? Were we not smiling? | Yes, we were | No, we were not |
| They were smiling | They were not smiling | Were they smiling | Were not they smiling? Were they not smiling? | Yes, they were | No, they were not |
| She was smiling | She was not smiling | Was she smiling | Has not she smiling? Has she not smiling? | Yes, she was | No, she was not |
| He was smiling | He was not smiling | Was he smiling | Was not he smiling? Was he not smiling? | Yes, he was | No, he was not |
| It was smiling | It was not smiling | Was it smiling | Was not it smiling? Was it not smiling? | Yes, it was | No, it was not |
e.g.
She was singing pop sad song last night
(Dia sedang bernyanyi lagu pop tadi malam)
e.g.
I was studying English yesterday morning
(Saya sedang belajar bahasa inggris kemarin pagi)
Past Perfect
Past Perfect adalah merupakan tenses yang dipakai untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang telah selesai di masa lampau. Past Perfect memiliki kesamaan dengan Present Perfect, yaitu sama-sama memiliki dua fungsi layaknya Present Perfect.
Pola : S + Had + V3
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I had smiled | I had not smiled | Had I smiled? | Had not I smiled? Had I not smiled? | Yes, I had | No, I had not |
| You had smiled | You had not smiled | Had you smiled? | Had not I smiled? Had I not smiled? | Yes, you had | No, you had not |
| We had smiled | We had not smiled | Had we smiled? | Had not we smiled? Had we not smiled? | Yes, we had | No, we had not |
| They had smiled | They had not smiled | Had they smiled? | Had not they smiled? Had they not smiled? | Yes, they had | No, they had not |
| She had smiled | She had not smiled | Had she smiled? | Had not she smiled? Had she not smiled? | Yes, she had | No, she had not |
| He had smiled | He had not smiled | Had he smiled? | Had not he smiled? Had he not smiled? | Yes, he had | No, he had not |
| It had smiled | It had not smiled | Had it smiled? | Had not it smiled? Had it not smiled? | Yes, it had | No, it had not |
e.g.
Yesterday, when I came, the examination had finished
(Kemarin, ketika saya datang, ujiannya telah selesai)
e.g.
I am from Medan. Yesterday, when my friend visited me, he had waited me for two days.
(Saya dari medan. Kemarin, ketika teman saya mengunjungi saya, dia telah menunggu saya selama dua hari)
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous merupakan tenses yang dipakai untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang berlangsung terus pada masa lampau
Pola : S + had been + Ving
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I had been smiling | I had not been smiling | Had I been smiling? | Had not I been smiling? Had I not been smiling? | Yes, I had been | No, I had not been |
| You had been smiling | You had not been smiling | Had you been smiling? | Had not I been smiling? Had I not been smiling? | Yes, you had been | No, you had not been |
| We had been smiling | We had not been smiling | Had we been smiling? | Had not we been smiling? Had we not been smiling? | Yes, we had been | No, we had not been |
| They had been smiling | They had not been smiling | Had they been smiling? | Had not they been smiling? Had they not been smiling? | Yes, they had been | No, they had not been |
| She had been smiling | She had not been smiling | Had she been smiling? | Had not she been smiling? Had she not been smiling? | Yes, she had been | No, she had not been |
| He had been smiling | He had not been smiling | Had he been smiling? | Had not he been smiling? Had he not been smiling? | Yes, he had been | No, he had not been |
| It had been smiling | It had not been smiling | Had it been smiling? | Had not it been smiling? Had it not been smiling? | Yes, it had been | No, it had not been |
e.g.
My friend had been living in medan for 5 years
(Teman saya sudah tinggal di medan selama lima tahun)
e.g.
Two days ago, when John called Jenny, she had been doing her duty for two hours
(Dua hari yang lalu, ketika John menelepon Jenny, Jenny sedang mengerjakan tugasnya selama dua jam)
e.g.
Two years ago, when John came to London. Jenny had been working there for two years. At the time she was very sad. When she had been getting lunch for thirty minutes, she didn’t realized that John invited her getting lunch together.
(Dua tahun lalu, ketika John datang ke London, Jenny sudah bekerja disana selama dua tahun. Saat itu, dia sangat sedih. Ketika dia sedang makan siang selama setengah jam, dia tidak menyadari john mengundangnya makan siang bersama.)
Simple Future
Simple Future merupakan bentuk kalimat tenses yang menyatakan perbuatan yang akan dilakukan di masa yang akan datang.
Pola : S + will V1
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I will smile | I will not smile | Will I smile? | Will not I smile? Will I not smile? | Yes, I will | No, I will not |
| You will smile | You will not smile | Will you smile? | Will not I smile? Will I not smile? | Yes, you will | No, you will not |
| We will smile | We will not smile | Will we smile? | Will not we smile? Will we not smile? | Yes, we will | No, we will not |
| They will smile | They will not smile | Will they smile? | Will not they smile? Will they not smile? | Yes, they will | No, they will not |
| She will smile | She will not smile | Will she smile? | Will not she smile? Will she not smile? | Yes, she will | No, she will not |
| He will smile | He will not smile | Will he smile? | Will not he smile? Will he not smile? | Yes, he will | No, he will not |
| It will smile | It will not smile | Will it smile? | Will not it smile? Will it not smile? | Yes, it will | No, it will not |
e.g.
Next year, when I join the IELTS class, I will do my best
(Tahun depan, ketika saya mengikuti kelas IELTS, saya akan melakukan yang terbaik)
e.g.
I will go teaching every morning next week
(Saya akan pergi mengajar setiap pagi minggu depan)
e.g.
My friend is causing a trouble in enemy territory, I will help him
(Teman saya menyebabkan masalah di wilayah musuh, saya akan membantunya)
Future Continuous
Future Continuous Menyatakan kegiatan yang akan berlangsung di masa yang akan datang. Sekilas agak mirip dengan past continuous. Namun perbedaannya Future continuous terjadi di masa depan.
Pola : S + Will be + Ving
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I will be smiling | I will not be smiling | Will I be smiling? | Will not I be smiling? Will I not be smiling? | Yes, I will be | No, I will not |
| You will be smiling | You will not be smiling | Will you be smiling? | Will not you be smiling? Will you not be smiling? | Yes, you will be | No, you will not be |
| We will be smiling | We will not be smiling | Will we be smiling? | Will not we be smiling? Will we not be smiling? | Yes, we will be | No, we will not be |
| They will be smiling | They will not be smiling | Will they be smiling? | Will not they be smiling? Will they not be smiling? | Yes, they will be | No, they will not be |
| She will be smiling | She will not be smiling | Will she be smiling? | Will not she be smiling? Will she not be smiling? | Yes, she will be | No, she will not be |
| He will be smiling | He will not be smiling | Will he be smiling? | Will not he be smiling? Will he not be smiling? | Yes, he will be | No, he will not be |
| It will be smiling | It will not be smiling | Will it be smiling? | Will not it be smiling? Will it not be smiling? | Yes, it will be | No, it will not be |
e.g.
Tomorow at 09.00, we will be meeting our headmaster
(Besok jam 09.00, kami akan sedang bertemu kepala sekolah kami)
e.g.
We will be bringing this table to the meeting room after lunch
(Kita akan sedang membawa meja ini ke ruangan kumpul setelah makan siang)
Future perfect
Future perfect merupakan tenses yang dipakai untuk menunjukkan suatu perbuatan yang sudah dimulai di waktu lampau, dan segera selesai di waktu yang akan datang. Berikut rumus Tenses nya.
Pola : S + Will / Shall + have + V3
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I will have smiled | I will not have smiled | Will I have smiled? | Will not I have smiled? Will I not have smiled? | Yes, I will have | No, I will not have |
| You will have smiled | You will not have smiled | Will you have smiled? | Will not I have smiled? Will I not have smiled? | Yes, you will have | No, you will not have |
| We will have smiled | We will not have smiled | Will we have smiled? | Will not we have smiled? Will we not have smiled? | Yes, we will have | No, we will not have |
| They will have smiled | They will not have smiled | Will they have smiled? | Will not they have smiled? Will they not have smiled? | Yes, they will have | No, they will not have |
| She will have smiled | She will not have smiled | Will she have smiled? | Will not she have smiled? Will she not have smiled? | Yes, she will have | No, she will not have |
| He will have smiled | He will not have smiled | will he have smiled? | Will not he have smiled? Will he not have smiled? | Yes, he will have | No, he will not have |
| It will have smiled | It will not have smiled | will it have smiled? | Will not it have smiled? Will it not have smiled? | Yes, it will have | No, it will not have |
e.g.
Before the guest come tomorrow, John will have prepared everything
(Sebelum tamu itu datang besok, John Sudah akan menyiapkan segala sesuatunya)
e.g.
By next month, John will have lived in London for 2 year
(Menjelang bulan depan, John akan sudah tinggal di London selama dua tahun)
Future Perfect Continuous
Future perfect continuous tense merupakan tenses yang hampir sama dengan ” Future Perfect ” tetapi perbuatan itu ada kemungkinan dilanjutkan di waktu yang akan datang.
Pola : S + Will / Shall + have been + V3
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I will have been smiling | I will not have been smiling | Will I have been smiling? | Will not I have been smiling? Will I not have been smiling? | Yes, I will have been | No, I will not have been |
| You will have been smiling | You will not have been smiling | Will you have been smiling? | Will not I have been smiling? Will I not have been smiling? | Yes, you will have been | No, you will not have been |
| We will have been smiling | We will not have been smiling | Will we have been smiling? | Will not we have been smiling? Will we not have been smiling? | Yes, we will have been | No, we will not have been |
| They will have been smiling | They will not have been smiling | Will they have been smiling? | Will not they have been smiling? Will they not have been smiling? | Yes, they will have been | No, they will not have been |
| She will have been smiling | She will not have been smiling | Will she have been smiling? | Will not she have been smiling? Will she not have been smiling? | Yes, she will have been | No, she will not have been |
| He will have been smiling | He will not have been smiling | Will he have been smiling? | Will not he have been smiling? Will he not have been smiling? | Yes, he will have been | No, he will not have been |
| It will have been smiling | It will not have been smiling | Will it have been smiling? | Will not it have been smiling? Will it not have been smiling? | Yes, it will have been | No, it will not have been |
e.g.
By the time I meet her tomorrow, maybe she will have been sleeping for two hours.
(ketika aku menemuinya besok, mungkin dia (akan) sedang tidur selama dua jam)
e.g.
By the end of this month, we will have been staying in this town for 3 months
(Menjelang akhir bulan ini kita (akan) sudah tinggal di kota ini selama 3 bulan)
Past Future
Past Future merupakan Suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk membicarakan masa depan dalam perspektif masa lalu. Maksudnya, kegiatan yang direncanakan di masa depan pada saat berada di masa lalu.
Pola : S + would + V1
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I would smile | I would not smile | Would I smile? | Would not I smile? Would I not smile? | Yes, I would | Yes, I would not |
| You would smile | You would not smile | Would you smile? | Would not I smile? Would I not smile? | Yes, you would | No, you would not |
| We would smile | We would not smile | Would we smile? | Would not we smile? Would we not smile? | Yes, we would | No, we would not |
| They would smile | They would not smile | Would they smile? | Would not they smile? Would they not smile? | Yes, they would | No, they would not |
| She would smile | She would not smile | Would she smile? | Would not she smile? Would she not smile? | Yes, she would | No, she would not |
| He would smile | He would not smile | Would he smile? | Would not he smile? Would he not smile? | Yes, he would | No, he would not |
| It would smile | It would not smile | Would it smile? | Would not it smile? Would it not smile? | Yes, it would | No, it would not |
e.g.
I would go and see Jenny.
(Aku akan pergi dan menemui Jenny.)
e.g.
John and Jenny would be able to buy a more comfortable home
(John dan Jenny akan dapat membeli rumah yang lebih nyaman)
Past Future Continuous
Past Future Continuous merupakan tenses yang menyatakan perbuatan yang akan sedang dilakukan di waktu lampau. Berikut rumus tenses nya.
Pola : S + would be + Ving
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I would be smiling | I would not be smiling | Would I be smiling? | Would not I be smiling? Would I not be smiling? | Yes, I would be | No, I would not be |
| You would be smiling | You would not be smiling | Would you be smiling? | Would not I be smiling? Would I not be smiling? | Yes, you would be | No, you would not be |
| We would be smiling | We would not be smiling | Would we be smiling? | Would not we be smiling? Would we not be smiling? | Yes, we would be | No, we would not be |
| They would be smiling | They would not be smiling | Would they be smiling? | Would not they be smiling? Would they not be smiling? | Yes, they would be | No, they would not be |
| She would be smiling | She would not be smiling | Would she be smiling? | Would not she be smiling? Would she not be smiling? | Yes, she would be | No, she would not be |
| He would be smiling | He would not be smiling | Would he be smiling? | Would not he be smiling? Would he not be smiling? | Yes, he would be | No, he would not be |
| It would be smiling | It would not be smiling | Would it be smiling? | Would not it be smiling? Would it not be smiling? | Yes, it would be | No, it would not be |
e.g.
Jenny had been waiting for the pizza.
(Jenny telah menunggu pizza)
e.g
Jenny and john had not been waiting her.
(Jenny dan john belum menunggunya)
Past Future Perfect
Past Future Perfect digunakan untuk suatu tenses pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syaratnya sudah pasti tidak terpenuhi, tapi hanya sebagai bayangan seandainya syaratnya terpenuhi
Pola : S + would have + V3
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I would have smiled | I would not have smiled | Would I have smiled | Would not I have smiled? Would I not have smiled? | Yes, I would have | No, I would not have |
| You would have smiled | You would not have smiled | Would you have smiled | Would not I have smiled? Would I not have smiled? | Yes, you would have | No, you would not have |
| We would have smiled | We would not have smiled | Would we have smiled | Would not we have smiled? Would we not have smiled? | Yes, we would have | No, we would not have |
| They would have smiled | They would not have smiled | Would they have smiled | Would not they have smiled? Would they not have smiled? | Yes, they would have | No, they would not have |
| She would have smiled | She would not have smiled | Would she have smiled | Would not she have smiled? Would she not have smiled? | Yes, she would have | No, she would not have |
| He would have smiled | He would not have smiled | Would he have smiled | Would not he have smiled? Would he not have smiled? | Yes, he would have | No, he would not have |
| It would have smiled | It would not have smiled | Would it have smiled | Would not it have smiled? Would it not have smiled? | Yes, it would have | No, it would not have |
e.g.
Jenny’s cat should have been eating this food before it got spoiled.
(Kucing Jenny seharusnya sudah makan makanan ini sebelum basi.)
e.g.
Jenny and John would have been visiting a famous restaurant in town.
(Jenny dan John pasti akan mengunjungi restoran terkenal di kota.)
Past Future Perfect Continuous
Past Future Perfect Continuous merupakan tenses digunakan untuk suatu pengandaian yang tidak mungkin akan sedang terjadi dimasa lampau karena syaratnya sudah pasti tidak terpenuhi, tapi hanya sebagai bayangan seandainya syaratnya terpenuhi
Pola : S + would have been + Ving
| Affirmative form (+) | Negative form (-) | Interrogative form (?) | Negative interrogative form (-?) | Short answer (+) | Short answer (-) |
| I would have been smiling | I would not have been smiling | Would I have been smiling? | Would not I have been smiling? Would I not have been smiling? | Yes, I would have been | No, I would not have been |
| You would have been smiling | You would not have been smiling | Would you have been smiling? | Would not I have been smiling? Would I not have been smiling? | Yes, you would have been | No, you would not have been |
| We would have been smiling | We would not have been smiling | Would we have been smiling? | Would not we have been smiling? Would we not have been smiling? | Yes, we would have been | No, we would not have been |
| They would have been smiling | They would not have been smiling | Would they have been smiling? | Would not they have been smiling? Would they not have been smiling? | Yes, they would have been | No, they would not have been |
| She would have been smiling | She would not have been smiling | Would she have been smiling? | Would not she have been smiling? Would she not have been smiling? | Yes, she would have been | No, she would not have been |
| He would have been smiling | He would not have been smiling | Would he have been smiling? | Would not he have been smiling? Would he not have been smiling? | Yes, he would have been | No, he would not have been |
| It would have been smiling | It would not have been smiling | Would it have been smiling? | Would not it have been smiling? Would it not have been smiling? | Yes, it would have been | No, it would not have been |
e.g.
Jenny’s cat should have been eating this food before it got spoiled.
(Kucing Jenny seharusnya sudah makan makanan ini sebelum basi.)
e.g.
Jenny and John would have been visiting a famous restaurant in town.
(Jenny dan John pasti akan mengunjungi restoran terkenal di kota.)
